The study entitled ‘the role of taxation on resilient economy and development of Rwanda was carried out under the period 2013-2016. The main objective of the study was to assess the role of taxation on economic development. The methodology, such as qualitative and quantitative, was used in data collection where both primary and secondary data were collected. It was concluded that there is a significant relationship between taxation and economic development in Rwanda. 62% of Rwandan economic development should be addressed to taxation for enhancement purposes. It is in this regard that the Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA) should develop goods description standards manual for verification purpose and data analysis, and carry out door to door field visits to identify potential traders to be registered.